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I Ching
The ''I Ching'' (; Old Chinese: ''
*lek k-lˤeŋ'';〔(Baxter Sagart Reconstruction of Old Chinese (2014) )〕 ; ), also known as the ''Classic of Changes'' or ''Book of Changes'' in English, is an ancient divination text and the oldest of the Chinese classics. Possessing a history of more than two and a half millennia of commentary and interpretation, the ''I Ching'' is an influential text read throughout the world, providing inspiration to the worlds of religion, psychoanalysis, business, literature, and art. Originally a divination manual in the Western Zhou period (1000750), over the course of the Warring States period and early imperial period (500200) it was transformed into a cosmological text with a series of philosophical commentaries known as the "Ten Wings." After becoming part of the Five Classics in the 2nd century BC, the ''I Ching'' was the subject of scholarly commentary and the basis for divination practice for centuries across the Far East, and eventually took on an influential role in Western understanding of Eastern thought.
The ''I Ching'' uses a type of divination called cleromancy, which produces apparently random numbers. Four numbers, 6 and 9, plus the two numbers in between are turned into a hexagram, which can then be looked up in the ''I Ching'' book, arranged in an order known as the King Wen sequence. The interpretation of the readings found in the ''I Ching'' is a matter of centuries of debate, and many commentators have used the book symbolically, often to provide guidance for moral decision making as informed by Taoism and Confucianism. The hexagrams themselves have often acquired cosmological significance and paralleled with many other traditional names for the processes of change such as yin and yang and Wu Xing.
==The divination text: ''Zhou yi''==
The text of the ''I Ching'' has its origins in a Western Zhou divination text called the ''Changes of Zhou'' (周易 ''Zhōu yì''). The ''Zhou yi'' itself shares some of its features with even older Shang dynasty analysis of oracle bones. Various modern scholars suggest dates ranging between the 10th and 4th centuries BC for the assembly of the text in approximately its current form. Based on a comparison of the language of the ''Zhou yi'' with dated bronze inscriptions, Edward Shaughnessy dated its compilation in its current form to the early decades of the reign of King Xuan of Zhou, in the last quarter of the 9th century BC. A copy of the text in the Shanghai Museum corpus of bamboo and wooden slips (recovered in 1994) shows that the ''Zhou yi'' was used throughout all levels of Chinese society in its current form by 300 BC, but still contained small variations as late as the Warring States period. It is possible that other divination systems existed at this time; the ''Rites of Zhou'' name two other such systems, the ''Lianshan'' and the ''Guizang''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「I Ching」の詳細全文を読む
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